Chromosome Genetics 101

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Chromosome - Wikipedia
A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with nucleosome -forming packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the most important of these proteins are the histones.

Chromosomes: Definition, Structure & Function
Having two copies of each chromosome ensures that you get the right amount of proteins made by the genes on those chromosomes. This system can also protect you from some diseases.

23 Chromosomes - Functions and Types of Chromosomes
One chromosome in each pair is inherited from the mother and the other from the father. The 22 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes, and the 23rd pair is called the sex or allosome chromosome.

Chromosome | Structure & Function | Britannica
chromosome, the microscopic threadlike part of the cell that carries hereditary information in the form of genes. A defining feature of any chromosome is its compactness.

Chromosomes Fact Sheet - National Human Genome Research Institute
Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Passed from parents to offspring, DNA contains the specific instructions that make each type of living creature unique. The term chromosome comes from the Greek words for color (chroma) and body (soma).

Chromosome - National Human Genome Research Institute
The human X chromosome is about three times larger than the human Y chromosome, containing about 900 genes, while the Y chromosome has about 55 genes. The unique structure of chromosomes keeps DNA tightly wound around spool-like proteins, called histones.

Chromosomes- Definition, Structure, Types, Model, Functions
Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins that support its structure. The proteins that bind to the DNA to form eukaryotic chromosomes are traditionally divided into two classes: the histones and the non-histone chromosomal proteins.

What is a chromosome and how many do humans have? - YourGenome
A chromosome is a tightly wound bundle of DNA. It’s the way DNA is packaged in animal and plant cells – contrasting with bacteria where DNA floats freely around the cell.

Y chromosome - Wikipedia
Edmund Beecher Wilson independently discovered the same mechanisms the same year, working with Hemiptera. Stevens proposed that chromosomes always existed in pairs and that the smaller chromosome (now labelled "Y") was the pair of the X chromosome discovered in 1890 by Hermann Henking.

Chromosome - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The mother's eggs always contain an X chromosome, while the father's sperm contains either a Y chromosome or an X chromosome. That determines the sex of the child.

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Large intra-chromosome heterogeneity leads to emergent nonlinear mechanics  nature.com
First complete songbird genome exposes missing genes and chromosome architecture  Phys.org
New human genome benchmark captures both parental copies with near-perfect accuracy  News-Medical
North Korean defectors near nuclear test site show chromosome abnormalities  NK News
Mutations attracted to the X chromosome amplify disease risk  Michigan Medicine
A Y-chromosome analysis of a 4,000-year-old Siberian warrior buried beneath more than 100 bone armor plates has traced his lineage to peoples still living across the Russian Far East today  Space Daily
Satellite DNA-targeted CRISPR–Cas9-mediated editing enables chromosome truncation and elimination in wheat  ScienceDirect.com
“We've basically reached perfection when it comes to a single genome.”  Chemical & Engineering News
UTHealth Houston Researchers Map Previously Undocumented Brown Rat Genes and Sex-Chromosome Organization  geneonline.com
Tracking mysteries of loss of Y chromosome, cancer  news.harvard.edu
Men Can Lose Their Y Chromosome With Age, And We Finally Know The Cost  ScienceAlert
Men lose their Y chromosome as they age. Scientists thought it didn’t matter – but now we’re learning more  The Conversation
Obscure X chromosome protein emerges as key driver in several cancers  News-Medical
Genetic regulation across germline and somatic variation on the Y chromosome contributes to type 2 diabetes  nature.com
The Y chromosome is home to surprising jumping genes  Michigan Medicine